César Vallejo

César Vallejo was a Peruvian poet, writer, and journalist whose work helped renew Spanish-language literature through its emotional intensity and formal experimentation. His major poetry collections, *Los heraldos negros* (1918) and *Trilce* (1922), established his international reputation, while his writing also included the novel *El tungsteno*, essays, journalism, and drama. Born in Santiago de Chuco, Vallejo spent much of his later life in Europe and died in Paris in 1938.