Francisco Javier Clavijero

Francisco Javier Clavijero was a Jesuit historian, philosopher, linguist, and teacher of New Spain. After the Jesuits were expelled from Spanish territories in 1767, he settled in Bologna, where he wrote his major work, *Historia Antigua de México*, a wide-ranging history of Mexico’s pre-Columbian civilizations. His scholarship helped challenge European misconceptions about Indigenous American cultures and remains central to the study of Mexican intellectual history.